The Parisian club has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a surprise lead. First, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the final moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.